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20 February 2020, Volume 33 Issue 1

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Application and Development of Radiation Technology in Industry

WU Zhifang;LIU Ximing;WANG Liqiang;MIAO Jichen

2020, 33(1):  1-13.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2020.33.01.0001

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The depth and scope of radiation technology application in industry continues to expand. The global output value of civil nuclear technology industry has reached trillions of U.S. dollars. In this paper, the status of radiation technology application and development in industry is systematically elaborated, especially the development process, progress made and challenges facing in aspects of industrial nuclear instrument, nuclear analysis, nuclear logging, radiation non-destructive inspection and radiation processing etc. in China. Finally, the development suggestions and prospect of radiation technology in industry are also pointed out in this paper.



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The Progress and Prospect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

WANG Miao;TONG Yongpeng

2020, 33(1):  14-26.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2017.youxian.061

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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a kind of radiotherapy that can selectively kill tumor cells. After being carried into the human body, the Boron (¹⁰B) compound will be selectively enriched in tumor cells, reacting with the neutron, and release α particles and ⁷Li particles to kill the tumor. BNCT has become a new method in the field of radiation therapy because of its targeted treatment, low toxicity and high efficiency. Since the last century, boron neutron capture therapy has emerged in various countries and gradually developed. It has been able to successfully treat glioma, melanoma and other diseases. Recently, BNCT is faced with some problems that develop innovative and efficient boron-containing drugs, establish more accurate measurement system of boron dose, and how the medical neutron sources get rid of nuclear reactors. This article will briefly summarize and explore the principles, advantages, progress and problems of BNCT.



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Research Progress of Aβ Targeting PET Imaging Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease

LI Zhongyong;CUI Haiping

2020, 33(1):  27-37.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2018.youxian.013

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in central nervous system. The diagnosis of AD is mainly based on pathological examination after death, which shows no value to the treatment of AD. If identified and intervened as early as possible at presymptomatic states, the progression of the disease may be delayed. With the progress of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in clinic, the diagnosis of AD at the early stage with noninvasive techniques become possible. Extracellular senile plaques (SPs), made of accumulations of β-amyloid (Aβ), is one of the most important neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ targeting PET imaging agents are of great significance to early diagnosis of AD, and are one research focus in this field. The research progress of Aβ imaging agents with a small organic molecule is reviewed, which include several kinds: congo red derivatives, aminonaphtyl derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, benzothiazole-analogues derivatives, stilbene derivatives, substituted-stilbene derivatives and other derivatives. The ideal characteristics of Aβ imaging agents are summarized, and the trend for developing Aβ imaging agents is discussed.



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Design and Test of Automatic Pretreatment Auxiliary Device for ¹⁵N Isotope Analysis of Soil Nitrate

YUAN Hongzhao;HE Zhen;WANG Jiurong;ZHANG Liping;ZHU Zhenke;LIU Shoulong

2020, 33(1):  38-45.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2018.youxian.097

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With the application of stable isotope mass spectrometry in soil nitrogen cycle research, nitrogen stable isotope analysis puts higher requirements for the sample pretreatment methods. At the same time, a suitable pretreatment process is also the guarantee of the analysis result accuracy. A automatic pretreatment auxiliary device for nitrogen stable isotope analysis of soil nitrate is designed and developed in this paper. The auto-injection system based on photoelectric sensing device is integrated with the liquid injection and vacuum-gas replacement system to achieve automatic process instead of manual operation, ie., liquid reagent injection, vacuum extraction of reaction system, helium gas displacement and other artificial processes. The results of system test showed that the device has a good vacuum, gas injection and liquid repeatability. The absolute error of the system vacuum degree, gas injection volume and the liquid injection system of the device can be controlled within 0.5 Pa, 0.2 mL, and 0.1 mL respectively, with CV< 1%. The accuracy and precision of the entire system were also tested by using standard reference samples. All test samples obtained good accuracy and precision of 0.1%~0.6% with CV<1%. The developed device combined with the trace gas preconcentration device-stable isotope mass spectrometry instrument (PreCon-IRMS) can establish a convenient and rapid method for the nitrogen stable isotope determination of nitrate at low sample volume, which can provide a key technical support for soil nitrogen cycle process research.



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Application of GasBench-IRMS and TC/EA-IRMS on Measurement of δD and δ¹⁸O in Mineral Water

YANG Bin;MENG Xianjing;E Yang;ZHU Xiang;YIN Song

2020, 33(1):  46-52.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2018.youxian.071

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Source regions of different mineral water largely determines their market value and price. To identify the authenticity of source regions, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δD and δ¹⁸O) of 11 different brand drinking water was measured through two methods of aqua equilibration technique (GasBench-IRMS) and the reduction of H₂O at high temperature (TC/EA-IRMS). Our results indicated that the measurement results of GasBench-IRMS were well consistent with those of TC/EA-IRMS. The difference were (0.6±1.59)‰ for δD, and (0.02±0.13)‰ for δ¹⁸O, respectively. Based on the GasBench-IRMS, more measurement time was required. However, it would give a better precision for δD and δ¹⁸O than that of TC/EA-IRMS. There were obvious changes in δD and δ¹⁸O of 11 different brand drinking water (including 8 kinds of mineral water). The δD and δ¹⁸O of different brand drinking water had notable regional features, which were mainly produced and influenced by local precipitation. Although the product authenticity could not be identify accurately, δD and δ¹⁸O of mineral water provided information about the water source for mineral water of special areas (e.g., high altitude and coastal regions). Through the database establishment of δD and δ¹⁸O in future studies, these results will gave implication for the quick water source identification for mineral water.



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A Review of the Application of Stable Carbon Isotopes to Ecosystem Research

LEI Shuai;HE Chunxia;ZHANG Jinsong;MENG Ping;SUN Shoujia

2020, 33(1):  53-66.  DOI: 10.7538/tws.2018.youxian.092

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Stable carbon isotopes serve as tracers, integrators, and indicators for earth science. Moreover, rapid and accurate measurements of these isotopes are increasingly available. Studies of stable carbon isotopes demonstrate great potential to be more widely applied in the fields of ecology, hydrology and geoscience. Despite several previous reviews on the applications of various isotope systems, rapid development of new techniques and continuous expansion of these techniques to new applications in the field necessitate the publication of timely updates to summarize recent advances in applied stable carbon isotope research and technology. This paper summarizes new applications of stable carbon isotopes to investigate soil carbon cycles, plant physiology and ecology, and tree responses to climate change, and reviews recent progress in stable carbon isotope models. We also highlight areas for improving stable carbon isotope research, including consideration of the effects of interaction between environmental factors and plant genotypes on δ¹³C, the response of water use efficiency to multi-factor interactions and the uncertainty of multi-source isotopic models. We anticipate that this updated review of recent applications, existing problems and current prospects of stable carbon isotopes to ecosystem research will be beneficial for future research in this area.