氚光源及其研究进展

doi:10.7538/tws.2012.25.01.0001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氚光源是利用放射性核素氚制成的自发光装置，其使用寿命长、光强稳定、无需电源，是黑暗条件下小视野照明的优良光源，在军事和民用领域具有良好的应用前景。传统的玻璃管型氚灯是应用广泛的氚光源。由于氚气体对β射线的能量自吸收、荧光粉蔽光性和玻璃管有破裂可能等缺点，限制了氚灯性能的进一步提高。本文介绍了氚发光装置的发光机理、发展历史、安全评价以及国内外应用现状；讨论了传统玻璃管型氚灯亮度的影响因素，分析了目前氚灯存在的问题，介绍了国内外氚光源研究改进工作，并展望了国内氚光源研究与应用前景。

关键词: 氚, 氚灯, 氚发光粉

Abstract: Due to their long lifespan and stable intensity, light sources initiated by tritium instead of electricity or batteries are suitable for low level lighting applications. Therefore, tritium-based radioluminescent (RL) light sources are widely used in both military and civil applications. However, traditional tritium lights with the gas tube structure have several shortcomings: (1) the phosphors are opaque; (2) the glass tube is fragile and easily broken; and (3) the beta kinetic energy is attenuated due to the sorption by the gas; etc. As a result, further application of the tritium lights is limited. In this paper, the lighting mechanism and radiation safety of tritium-based RL light sources are briefly reviewed. Besides, the history and prospects of the development of tritium-based RL light source are discussed.Due to their long lifespan and stable intensity, light sources initiated by tritium instead of electricity or batteries are suitable for low level lighting applications. Therefore, tritium-based radioluminescent (RL) light sources are widely used in both military and civil applications. However, traditional tritium lights with the gas tube structure have several shortcomings: (1) the phosphors are opaque; (2) the glass tube is fragile and easily broken; and (3) the beta kinetic energy is attenuated due to the sorption by the gas; etc. As a result, further application of the tritium lights is limited. In this paper, the lighting mechanism and radiation safety of tritium-based RL light sources are briefly reviewed. Besides, the history and prospects of the development of tritium-based RL light source are discussed.

Key words: tritium, tritium lamp, radioluminescent paints powered by tritium

吴健;雷家荣;刘文科. 氚光源及其研究进展[J]. 同位素, 2012, 25(1): 1-7.

WU Jian;LEI Jia-rong;LIU Wen-ke. Overview of Light Sources Powered by Tritium[J]. Journal of Isotopes, 2012, 25(1): 1-7.

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