裂变放射性核素90Sr、137Cs分离的研究进展

doi:10.7538/tws.2009.22.04.0237

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对近年来裂片核素⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs的分离技术如沉淀法、萃取法、无机离子交换法等研究的进展进行评述，同时展望了可能潜在的高放废物（液）处理技术路线。对汽液矿化处理⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs废液做了简单介绍。新型高效萃取剂冠醚(DtBuCH18C6)和杯冠芳烃(BOBCalixC6)对⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs离子有比较好的选择性;绿色萃取技术如离子液体萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术也在⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs萃取分离中得到应用。晶态钛硅酸盐（CST）和金属硫化物（KMS-1）在碱性条件下对¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰Sr有比较高的选择性。汽液矿化处理能将含有⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs的低放废液转化成稳定的硅铝酸矿物。虽然理论上能有效地将⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs从高放废液中分离出来，但是高放乏燃料的最终处置技术还有待进一步探索。

关键词: 裂片核素, ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³⁷Cs, 分离技术

Abstract:

The progress of separation technologies for fission nuclides ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs, including precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and ion exchang method, were reviewed. The prospects of disposal technology for high-level waste were also discussed. Crown ether (DtBuCH18C6) and calixarene-crown ether (BOBCalixC6) possess highly selectivity for ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs respectively in the processing of liquid-liquid extraction; ionic liquids extraction and supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction technology could be applied to separating ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs from high-level waste. Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and metal sulfide (KMS-1) have higher selectivity for ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs separately in alkaline condition. The mineralized steam reforming process could be used to immobilize ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs into a stable aluminasilicate mineral solid in the low-active waste solution phases. Although ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs could be separated from high-level waste efficiently in theory, there is still a long way to be achieved for final disposal of spent fuel waste.

Key words: fission nuclides, ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³⁷Cs, separation technology

张华明 ;李兴亮 ;杨玉山 ;钟文彬 . 裂变放射性核素⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs分离的研究进展[J]. 同位素, 2009, 22(4): 237-246.

ZHANG Hua-ming;LI Xing-liang;YANG Yu-shan;ZHONG Wen-bin. Advance of Separation Technologies for Fission Nuclides ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs[J]. Journal of Isotopes, 2009, 22(4): 237-246.

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裂变放射性核素⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs分离的研究进展

Advance of Separation Technologies for Fission Nuclides ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs

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